Nolvadex (Tamoxifen Citrate) is an oral medication used for various purposes related to breast health. Let’s explore the details:

1. Active Ingredient: Tamoxifen citrate
2. Brand/Trade Name: Nolvadex
3. Chemical Structure:
   • Chemical Formula: C26H29NO
   • Molecular Weight: 371.51 g/mol
   • Structural Representation: !Tamoxifen citrate
4. Description:
   • Nolvadex (tamoxifen citrate) is a white to off-white crystalline powder.
   • It is freely soluble in methanol, soluble in ethanol, slightly soluble in acetone, water, and chloroform, and insoluble in ether.
   • Each white scored tablet contains 10 mg tamoxifen citrate USP.
   • Inactive ingredients include corn starch, lactose, magnesium stearate, pregelatinized cornstarch, and sucrose.
5. Clinical Pharmacology:
   • Tamoxifen citrate is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen.
   • It interacts with estrogen-receptor-containing tissues, including the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary, endometrium, vagina, and cervix.
   • Tamoxifen may compete with estrogen for binding sites and delay replenishment of intracellular estrogen receptors.
   • It initiates a series of endocrine events, leading to a preovulatory gonadotropin surge and subsequent follicular rupture.
   • The drug has both estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects.
   • It does not have apparent progestational, androgenic, or antiandrogenic effects.
   • Spontaneous ovulatory menses have been noted in some patients after Nolvadex therapy.
6. Indications:
   • Breast Cancer Treatment: Used to treat metastatic breast cancer and reduce the risk of breast cancer in high-risk patients.
   • Post-Surgery and Radiation: Administered after surgery and radiation therapy.
7. Contraindications:
   • Avoid Nolvadex in patients with ovarian cysts or enlargement not due to polycystic ovarian syndrome.